6 predicted apocalypses that never happened

We have a long history of auguring our own demise
It's the end of the world as we know it. Again. This time it's the Mayan Apocalypse, which could supposedly see the planet Nibiru emerge from its hiding place behind the sun to crash into Earth on Dec. 21. If you're feeling nervous, take a look back at six other doomsday predictions from years past, and take comfort in knowing that no such prediction has ever come to pass. At least not yet.
The Rapture, May 2011
What was predicted: Harold Camping, an 89-year-old Christian fundamentalist and fringe radio host, predicted that 1994 was the year the Rapture would begin. When that didn't happen, he concluded that he must have messed up his numbers, which were based on decoded messages in the Bible. After some recalculation, Camping announced that the world would actually end on May 21, 2011. Thousands of his followers left their lives behind to help spread word of the coming apocalypse.
What actually happened: On May 22, the world still stood, and Camping was "flabbergasted." His followers, many of whom had drained their savings to promote the message, reacted with anger and confusion. But Camping quickly reassured them that the real end of the world was coming on Oct. 21, 2011. In case you're wondering, that didn't happen, either.
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Y2K, 2000
What was predicted: Chaos, widespread panic, and a shortage of food and goods — all because of a little computer bug. In the years leading up to the millennium, computer programmers used only two digits to represent years. It was theorized that when the clocks struck 12:00 a.m. on January 1, 2000, the machines would not be able to read the year "00." The Y2K panic was born, and billions of dollars were spent fixing the original source code in older computers. By 1998, 34 percent of Americans anticipated the Y2K bug would cause major problems, and the Independent newspaper even warned that the glitch could spark a nuclear war.
What actually happened: Midnight struck with no major outages. A few glitches were reported, but for the most part "1999 passed into history with barely a whimper." Experts remain divided over whether Y2K was a legitimate threat or an exercise in mass paranoia.
The Jupiter Effect, March 1982
What was predicted: In 1974, John Gribbin and Stephen Plagemann wrote a best-selling book called The Jupiter Effect. In it, they argued that the planets of the solar system would align in March 1982, triggering massive natural disasters on Earth, including an earthquake on the San Andreas Fault that would wipe out Los Angeles. Nervous residents panicked, and many considered selling their homes and leaving L.A.
What actually happened: March came and went peacefully. One year later, the two authors released The Jupiter Effect Reconsidered, which also became a bestseller. 
Halley's Comet, 1910
What was predicted: When Halley's Comet reappeared in 1910, the Chicago Yerkes Observatory made the poorly calculated decision to announce that it had detected a poisonous gas in the comet's tail. The New York Times added fuel to the fire by quoting a French astronomer as saying this gas "would impregnate that atmosphere and possibly snuff out all life on the planet." Panic ensued, gas masks were purchased, and people began loading up on "comet pills," which promised to counter the effects of the noxious gas. In an attempt to keep the fumes at bay, homeowners placed pieces of paper over their locks.
What actually happened: The planet remained undisturbed. Once the comet had passed, The Chicago Tribune announced to readers, "We're still here."
The Great Flood, 1524
What was predicted: In 1499, German-born astronomer Johannes Stoeffler predicted that the world would be engulfed in a massive flood in February of 1524. The planets would align, he said, in the constellation of Pisces, the sign of the fish, dooming the entire world to a watery death. Because of Stoeffler's position as a well-known astronomer and mathematician, his words weren't taken lightly. German Count von Iggleheim was so determined to survive the coming storm, he built a massive three-story ark. And when it did actually start to rain, panicked crowds stormed the ark and stoned the count to death when he refused to let them in.
What actually happened: When the rain stopped, Stoeffler insisted that he'd miscalculated (sound familiar?), and that the real flood would come in 1528. Stoeffler died shortly thereafter, in 1531, of the plague.
Author-mania, 2800 B.C.
What was predicted: It appears that mankind's fear of the apocalypse goes way back. An unearthed clay tablet thought to date back to 2800 B.C. reads, "Our earth is degenerate in these latter days. There are signs that the world is speedily coming to an end." What kinds of signs? Bribery and corruption. Disobedient children. Plus, "Every man wants to write a book, and the end of the world is evidently approaching."
What actually happened: Our understanding of this time period is limited, but we know the human race still thrives, kids are still mouthing off, and basically everyone still aspires to become a renowned author.
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Welcome to Tough Love with Starshine Roshell

Coming soon to TheWeek.com: A weekly advice column. Send us your dilemmas!
Give me your confused, your aggravated, your bewildered. Send me your perplexed, your rattled, your befuddled masses yearning to breathe free.
Yes indeed — I'm the new advice columnist at TheWeek.com, and I'm here to steer you right on dating dilemmas, parenting pickles, workplace woes, and every juicy quandary in between.
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As a veteran journalist, I've reported on opportunities that spring from wise decisions, and unfortunate incidents that arise from bad ones. And like you, I've been through some stuff.
Named for a song in the rock musical Hair, in which my father starred naked, I survived a Hollywood hippie childhood to become a news reporter, music critic, travel writer, and often overwhelmed mother of two. Life's messy — but advice shouldn't be.
SEE ALSO: 8 real-life wedding-day nightmares
Sensible and straight-talking, I'm the opinionated best friend you never knew you wanted. The gal who tells it to you straight. The occasionally snarky voice of reason. The this-is-gonna-hurt-you-more-than-it-hurts-me coach and confidant.
I don't like liars, I have no patience for whiners, and in truth, I'm not even a great listener. But I'm an excellent reader, so type your troubles to me — we won't publish your name! — and I'll help you find freedom from what flummoxes you.
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Did the human hand evolve for fighting?

Apes don't throw punches. And now scientists think our ability to form an effectively clenched fist is no accident
The question: The human hand is quite unlike the appendages of our great ape cousins. Our palms are shorter, and our fingers are long and lithe. For years, evolutionary scientists believed humans developed this way because it helped our ancestors use tools better — gripping hammers and fashioning spears, for instance. But now, a group of researchers from the University of Utah suggests our hands evolved for more violent reasons. They sought to determine if a person's ability to form a closed fist was favored from an evolutionary standpoint — especially when you stop to consider that no other ape throws punches.
How it was tested: The team enlisted the help of 12 volunteers who had either boxing or martial arts experience. Participants were directed to hit a punching bag as hard as possible with different types of strikes, from closed fists to open-handed palms. The idea was to determine how much force the hand shape produced, clueing researchers in on how our hands evolved.
The outcome: Unsurprisingly, the open-handed palm strike and the closed first produced the same level of force. But clenched fists are much tighter, and can concentrate that force on a smaller surface area. That means more broken bones and a higher likelihood of tissue damage for the victim. "A punch delivers up for three times more force to the same amount of surface area as a slap," says the Telegraph. "And the buttressing provided by a clenched fist increases the stiffness of the knuckles fourfold, while doubling the ability of the fingers to deliver a punching force."
What it means: In the researchers' minds, the ability to inflict serious damage through a punch may have been a big evolutionary advantage for our ancestors. After all, our hand dexterity could have evolved without the fingers and palms getting shorter. Instead, our hands evolved to favor the clenched fist — namely our long thumbs, which lock the other fingers in and better protects the otherwise delicate bones of the hand.
What the experts say: "If you stop and look at what we know about the other species, we're a relatively violent group of mammals," says co-author David Carrier, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Utah. "Once that selection for climbing [trees] went away, there may also have been this selection for physical fighting — particularly in males. And these [hand] proportions would have increased how dangerous an individual was in those fights." When threatened, our first instinct is to clench our fists. That isn't a coincidence.
The takeaway: The hand's ability to manipulate intricate objects and instantly transform itself into a cudgel-like weapon is a uniquely human trait. "More than any other part of our anatomy, the hand represents the identity of Homo sapiens," write the researchers. "Ultimately, the evolutionary significance of the human hand may lie in its remarkable ability to serve two seemingly incompatible but intrinsically human functions."
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6 movies for the end of the world

If December 21 doesn't usher in the apocalypse after all, face the final curtain vicariously by watching one of these recent Hollywood films
If you forgot to flip the page on your Mayan calendar this month, we have some bad news. The world is coming to an end on December 21 thanks to the preordained Mayan Apocalypse. At least, that's what dubious sources have spent the past few years alleging. But if the apocalypse means widespread fear and panic to the average person, it means something else to Hollywood: Great entertainment. So just in case tomorrow isn't the last day Earth exists, here are 6 recent movies that will let you the enjoy the end of the world vicariously:
1. Seeking a Friend for the End of the World (2012)
It's probably too late for you to find your own new friend for the end of the world, but you can revel in this underrated, underseen romantic dramedy, which stars Steve Carrell and Keira Knightley as neighbors spending their last weeks together before an asteroid destroys Earth.

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2. Melancholia (2011)
If the thought of Earth's complete obliteration bums you out, you'll feel right at home with Melancholia. Kirsten Dunst plays a deeply depressed young woman whose life is altered by the announcement that a mysterious planet, dubbed "Melancholia," has emerged from behind the sun — and may be on a collision course with Earth.

3. The Road (2009)
Doomsday enthusiasts can't agree on the form the so-called "Mayan Apocalypse" will take, which makes The Road — a post-apocalyptic film in which the cause of the cataclysm is never explained — ideal viewing. Viggo Mortensen stars as a man trying to protect his son from cannibals, scavengers, and thieves.

4. 2012 (2009)
If you prefer your apocalypses of the big, stupid, Hollywood-blockbuster variety, your best bet is Roland Emmerich's 2012. John Cusack leads a cast of slumming stars as they face an apocalyptic wave of earthquakes and mega-tsunamis.

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5. Wall-E (2008)
If you decide to spend the immediate pre-apocalypse with your children, you may be seeking a doomsday film that's a little more family-friendly. Luckily, Pixar created Wall-E, a film about an adorable robot who falls in love with another adorable robot, as they explore an Earth that was abandoned by the humans who devastated it.

6. I Am Legend (2007)
The cosmos ordains the Mayan Apocalypse, but man triggers the apocalypse in I Am Legend — by genetically engineering a virus intended to cure cancer that somehow mutates into a virus that turns people into zombies. (Who said apocalypse movies had to make sense?) Will Smith stars as the last man in an all-but-abandoned New York City, attempting to reverse the apocalypse by developing a cure.
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WATCH: The hyperactive new trailer for The Great Gatsby

Baz Luhrman's glittery take on the Great American Novel is slated to hit theaters in May 2013
The trailer: Director Baz Luhrmann's visually stunning adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby was originally slated for a Christmas Day release, and, although the film has been bumped to May 2013, Warner Bros. has delivered a new trailer as a form of season's greetings. (Watch the new trailer for The Great Gatsby below.) The clip does a decent job of outlining Gatsby's themes for anyone who never took a 10th grade English class. "Can't repeat the past? Why, of course you can," says Leonardo DiCaprio's Gatsby, one of several iconic lines from the novel that the trailer features. Does this new trailer do justice to the Great American Novel?
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The reaction: If the first trailer for The Great Gatsby was "all about selling the world of 1920s New York upper society," this new one "is more about selling us on the man at the heart of this fantastical world — the titular Jay Gatsby," says Kofi Outlaw at Screen Rant. And despite the hyperactive Hollywood visuals, Fitzgerald devotees should take heart: The "subtext of the characters and [the] story seem to be intact." This may be the craziest filmed take on The Great Gatsby yet, says Christopher Rosen at The Huffington Post, but it's "so insane that it just might work." Indeed, agrees Russ Fischer at Slashfilm: "Luhrman's vision of the Roaring Twenties is glorious and dazzling. Whether that will work for the story remains to be seen."
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Average on 30-year US mortgage stays at 3.55 pct.

WASHINGTON (AP) — The average rate on the 30-year fixed mortgage held steady this week, staying slightly above the lowest level on record. Low mortgage rates have aided a modest housing recovery.

Mortgage buyer Freddie Mac said Thursday that the rate on the 30-year loan was unchanged at 3.55 percent. In July, the rate fell to 3.49 percent, the lowest since long-term mortgages began in the 1950s.

The average on the 15-year fixed mortgage, a popular refinancing option, slipped to 2.85 percent, down from 2.86 percent last week. That's above the record low of 2.80 percent.

Cheap mortgages have helped lift the housing market. Sales of new and previously occupied homes are well above last year's levels. Low rates have also allowed people to refinance, which lowers monthly mortgage payments and helps boosts consumer spending.

Home prices are increasing more consistently this year, largely because the supply of homes has shrunk while sales have risen. And the number of Americans who owe more on their mortgages than their homes are worth declined in the second quarter.

Still, the housing market has a long way back. Home sales are below healthy levels. And many people are still having difficulty qualifying for home loans or can't afford larger down payments required by banks.

Mortgage rates are low because they tend to track the yield on the 10-year Treasury note. A weaker U.S. economy and uncertainty about how Europe will resolve its debt crisis have led investors to buy more Treasury securities, which are considered safe investments. As demand for Treasurys increase, the yield falls.

To calculate average rates, Freddie Mac surveys lenders across the country on Monday through Wednesday of each week.

The average does not include extra fees, known as points, which most borrowers must pay to get the lowest rates. One point equals 1 percent of the loan amount.

The average fee for 30-year loans was 0.6 point, down from 0.7 point last week. The fee for 15-year loans was changed at 0.6.

The average rate on one-year adjustable rate mortgages was steady at 2.61 percent. The fee for one-year adjustable rate loans also was unchanged, at 0.4 point.

The average rate on five-year adjustable rate mortgages fell to 2.72 percent from 2.75 percent. The fee declined to 0.6 point from 0.7.

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W.Va. teachers to attend 'Finance University'

CHARLESTON, W.Va. (AP) — West Virginia University's business school is teaming up with the state auditor's office and a nonprofit economic literacy group called the West Virginia Jump$start Coalition to present a conference for educators to learn personal finance — and how to teach it to their students.

This year's Finance University is the 10th annual event for middle- and high-school teachers. It will be held Monday through Friday at the Charleston Conference Center.

Conference organizers say that participants will take a course to prepare for teaching their students personal-finance topics, including credit-card use, saving and investing, insurance, retirement plans, and more. Fifteen financial experts also are expected to give presentations.

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US fixed mortgage rates fall to new record lows

WASHINGTON (AP) — Fixed U.S. mortgage rates fell again to new record lows, providing prospective buyers with more incentive to brave a modestly recovering housing market.

Mortgage buyer Freddie Mac said Thursday that the average on the 30-year loan dropped to 3.62 percent. That's down from 3.66 percent last week and the lowest since long-term mortgages began in the 1950s.

The average rate on the 15-year mortgage, a popular refinancing option, slipped to 2.89 percent, below last week's previous record of 2.94 percent.

The rate on the 30-year loan has fallen to or matched record low levels in 10 of the past 11 weeks. And it's been below 4 percent since December.

Cheap mortgages have provided a lift to the long-suffering housing market. Sales of new and previously occupied homes are up from the same time last year. Home prices are rising in most markets. And homebuilders are starting more projects and spending at a faster pace.

The number of people who signed contracts to buy previously occupied homes rose in May, matching the fastest pace in two years, the National Association of Realtors reported last week. That suggests Americans are growing more confident in the market.

Low rates could also provide some help to the economy if more people refinance. When people refinance at lower rates, they pay less interest on their loans and have more money to spend. Many homeowners use the savings on renovations, furniture, appliances and other improvements, which help drive growth.

Still, the pace of home sales remains well below healthy levels. Many people are still having difficulty qualifying for home loans or can't afford larger down payments required by banks.

And the sluggish job market could deter some would-be buyers from making a purchase this year. The U.S. economy created only 69,000 jobs in May, the fewest in a year. The unemployment rate rose to 8.2 percent last month, up from 8.1 percent in April.

The government reports Friday on June employment.

Mortgage rates have been dropping because they tend to track the yield on the 10-year Treasury note. A weaker U.S. economy and uncertainty about how Europe will resolve its debt crisis have led investors to buy more Treasury securities, which are considered safe investments. As demand for Treasurys increase, the yield falls.

To calculate average rates, Freddie Mac surveys lenders across the country on Monday through Wednesday of each week.

The average does not include extra fees, known as points, which most borrowers must pay to get the lowest rates. One point equals 1 percent of the loan amount.

The average fee for 30-year loans was 0.8 point, up from 0.7 percent last week. The fee for 15-year loans also was 0.7 point, unchanged from the previous week.

The average rate on one-year adjustable rate mortgages fell to 2.68 percent, down from 2.74 percent last week. The fee for one-year adjustable rate loans rose to 0.5 point, up from 0.4 point.

The average rate on five-year adjustable rate mortgages was unchanged at 2.79 percent. The fee stayed at 0.6 point.

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US rate on 30-year mortgage rises to 3.71 pct.

WASHINGTON (AP) — Average rates on fixed mortgages rose this week, the first increase in seven weeks. But mortgage rates remain near historic lows, boosting prospects for home sales this year.

Mortgage buyer Freddie Mac said Thursday that the average rate on the 30-year loan increased to 3.71 percent. That's up from 3.67 percent last week, the lowest since long-term mortgages began in the 1950s.

The average rate on the 15-year mortgage, a popular refinancing option, rose to 2.98 percent. That's up from 2.94 percent last week, also a record low.

The rate on the 30-year loan has been below 4 percent since early December. Low rates are a key reason the housing industry is showing modest signs of a recovery this year.

In April, sales of both previously occupied homes and new homes rose near two-year highs. Builders are gaining more confidence in the market, breaking ground on more homes and requesting more permits to build single-family homes later this year.

Low rates could also provide some help to the economy if more people refinance. When people refinance at lower rates, they pay less interest on their loans and have more money to spend.

Still, the pace of home sales remains well below healthy levels. Economists say it could be years before the market is fully healed.

Many people are still having difficulty qualifying for home loans or can't afford larger down payments required by banks. Some would-be home buyers are holding off because they fear that home prices could keep falling.

The economy is growing only modestly and job creation slowed sharply in April and May. U.S. employers created only 69,000 jobs in May, the fewest in a year.

Mortgage rates have been dropping because they tend to track the yield on the 10-year Treasury note. Uncertainty about how Europe will resolve its debt crisis has led investors to buy more Treasury securities, which are considered safe investments. As demand for Treasurys increase, the yield falls.

To calculate average rates, Freddie Mac surveys lenders across the country on Monday through Wednesday of each week.

The average does not include extra fees, known as points, which most borrowers must pay to get the lowest rates. One point equals 1 percent of the loan amount.

The average fee for 30-year loans was 0.7 point, unchanged from last week. The fee for 15-year loans also was unchanged at 0.7 point.

The average rate on one-year adjustable rate mortgages slipped to 2.78 percent from 2.79 percent last week. The fee for one-year adjustable rate loans was 0.5, up from 0.4.

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US rate on 30-year mortgage hits record 3.83 pct.

WASHINGTON (AP) — Average U.S. rates for 30-year and 15-year fixed mortgages fell to fresh record lows this week. Cheap mortgage rates have made home-buying and refinancing more affordable than ever for those who can qualify.

Mortgage buyer Freddie Mac said Thursday that the rate on the 30-year loan ticked down to 3.83 percent. That's the lowest since long-term mortgages began in the 1950s. And it's below the previous record rate of 3.84 percent reached last week.

The 15-year mortgage, a popular option for refinancing, dropped to 3.05 percent, also a record. That's down from last week's previous record of 3.07 percent.

Low mortgage rates haven't done much to boost home sales. Rates have been below 4 percent for all but one week since early December. Yet sales of both previously occupied homes and new homes fell in March.

There have been some positive signs in recent months. January and February made up the best winter for sales of previously occupied homes in five years. And builders are laying plans to construct more homes in 2012 than at any other point in past 3 1/2 years. That suggests some see the housing market slowly starting to turn around.

Still, many would-be buyers can't qualify for loans or afford higher down payments required by banks. Home prices in many cities continue to fall. That has made those who can afford to buy uneasy about entering the market. And for those who are willing to brave the troubled market, many have already taken advantage of lower rates — mortgage rates have been below 5 percent for more than a year now.

Mortgage rates are lower because they tend to track the yield on the 10-year Treasury note. Slower U.S. job growth and uncertainty about how Europe will resolve its debt crisis have led investors to buy more Treasurys, which are considered safe investments. As demand for Treasurys increases, the yield falls.

To calculate the average rates, Freddie Mac surveys lenders across the country on Monday through Wednesday of each week.

The average rage does not include extra fees, known as points, which most borrowers must pay to get the lowest rates. One point equals 1 percent of the loan amount.

The average fee for 30-year loans was 0.7 last week, down from 0.8 the previous week. The fee on 15-year loans also was 0.7, unchanged from the previous week.

The average on one-year adjustable rate was 2.73 percent last week, down from 2.7 percent the previous week. The fee on one-year adjustable rate mortgages was 0.5, down from 0.6.
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